Stress urinary incontinence (SUI) is the involuntary leakage of urine during activities that put pressure on the bladder, such as coughing, sneezing, laughing, or exercising. It occurs due to weakened pelvic floor muscles or a weakened urethral sphincter.

• Pregnancy and vaginal childbirth
• Aging and menopause (loss of estrogen)
• Obesity (increased pressure on the bladder)
• Chronic coughing (due to smoking or lung conditions)
• Previous pelvic surgery (such as hysterectomy)

A doctor may perform:

• A physical exam to assess pelvic muscle strength
• A urine test to rule out infections
• A bladder stress test (cough test)

• Lifestyle Changes: Weight loss, avoiding bladder irritants, bladder training
• Pelvic Floor Exercises (Kegels): Strengthening the muscles that support the bladder
• Medications: Sometimes used but not always effective
• Pessaries: A vaginal device that supports the bladder
• Minimally Invasive Surgery: Sling procedures (TVT/TOT), urethral bulking agents

While not always preventable, maintaining a healthy weight, doing pelvic floor exercises, and avoiding chronic straining can help reduce the risk of developing SUI.